Salivary Glands

Saliva is a fluid secreted by the salivary glands that keeps the oral cavity moist and also coats the teeth along with mucosa. The salivary gland possesses tubuloacinar units, and these are merocrine. The functional unit of the salivary glands is the terminal secretory piece called acini with a roughly spherical or tubular shape. It also consists of branched ducts for the passage of the saliva and also plays an important role in the production and modification of saliva. Each type of duct is lined by different types of epithelia, on the basis of its location. Myoepithelial cells are contractile cells with respect to intercalated and secretory endpieces. Parotid, submandibular, and sublingual glands are the major salivary glands. The minor salivary glands are labial and buccal gland, glossopalatine gland, and palatine and lingual glands. Saliva plays an important role in mastication, speech, protection, deglutition, digestion, excretion, tissue repair, etc. Secretion stimulated in response to sympathetic stimulation will differ in protein and electrolyte from that due to parasympathetic stimulation. The concentration of saliva depends only on the rate of flow and not on the nature of stimulus. Saliva guides the clinician toward the optimal mode of treatment and guides the patient toward ultimate prognosis

Incorporating Road Networks into Territory Design

Given a set of basic areas, the territory design problem asks to create a predefined number of territories, each containing at least one basic area, such that an objective function is optimized. Desired properties of territories often include a reasonable balance, compact form, contiguity and small average journey times which are usually encoded in the objective function or formulated as constraints. We address the territory design problem by developing graph theoretic models that also consider the underlying road network. The derived graph models enable us to tackle the territory design problem by modifying graph partitioning algorithms and mixed integer programming formulations so that the objective of the planning problem is taken into account. We test and compare the algorithms on several real world instances

Efficient derandomization of the Lovász Local Lemma and applications to coloring and packing problems

We use algorithmic versions of Lovasz Local Lemma (LLL) to deal with the following two packing type problems: (i) a particular kind of hypergraph coloring problem, and (ii) vector packing problem. The hypergraph coloring problem is connected to the resource constrained scheduling problem and vector packing is a particular multi-dimensional generalization of the well known bin packing problem. The randomized algorithms yielding better results for the above mentioned problems are then efficiently derandomized

Access the diagnostic reliability and imaging evaluation of adnexal masses diagnosis ultrasonography, magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomography

Background: Objective of the study was to evaluate role of diagnostic reliability of morphological characteristic of ovarian and adnexal masses to compare and correlated in sensitivity of ultrasonography, computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging (USG with CT and MRI).Methods: This study was conducted in department of radiodiagnosis, Sri Aurobindo medical college and PG institute, Indore from August 2019 to September 2020. A total of 100 OPD patients of adnexal masses including both premenopausal and postmenopausal women. All 100 patients had undergone sonographic assessment and CA-125 levels were assessed; where 70 patients were correlated with CT and 30 patients were correlated with MRI with a standardized research protocolResults: A total of 100 patients included in the study. The mean age was 42.05±2.3.  68 (68%) patients were Premenopausal and 32 (32%) patients post-menopausal. 19 (19%) of patients had family history of ovarian carcinoma, whereas 81 (81%) of patients had negative family history of ovarian carcinoma. 32 (47%) patients in premenopausal group had increased Ca-125 levels, whereas 18 (56.2%) patients in postmenopausal had increased Ca-125 levels.Conclusions: MRI proved to be highly sensitive and accurate in differentiating benign and malignant lesions of adnexal masses which were indeterminate on ultrasonography examination. Thus, MRI can be considered as second most confirmatory tool followed by tissue diagnosis in women with indeterminate masses.

Role of magnetic resonance imaging in spinal trauma

Background: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is the modality of choice for evaluation of ligamentous and other spinal cord, soft tissue structures, disc, and occult osseous injuries. Objective evaluate the role of MRI as a non-invasive diagnostic tool in patient with spinal trauma.Methods: This study was conducted in department of radiodiagnosis, Sri Aurobindo institute of medical sciences and PG institute, Indore and approval from the ethical and research committee. The duration of this study was April 2018 to May 2020. We included 60 patients of spinal trauma referred for MRI in this study.Results: In 32 (53.3%) patients the mode of injury was road traffic accidents, in 23 (38.3%) patients it was fall and in 5 (8.3%) patients the mode of injury was any other mode. There was significant difference seen between the MR cord hemorrhage, cord compression, and code transaction.Conclusions: MRI is an excellent modality for imaging of acute spinal trauma. Normal cord on baseline MRI predicts excellent outcome. When comparing patients with complete, incomplete spinal cord injury (SCI) and spine trauma without SCI, significant difference was seen in cord hemorrhage, cord transection, cord compression

Adaptive forecast-driven repositioning for dynamic ride-sharing

In dynamic ride-sharing systems, intelligent repositioning of idle vehicles often improves the overall performance with respect to vehicle utilization, request rejection rates, and customer waiting times. In this work, we present a forecast-driven idle vehicle repositioning algorithm. Our approach takes a demand forecast as well as the current vehicle fleet configuration as inputs and determines suitable repositioning assignments for idle vehicles. The core part of our approach is a mixed-integer programming model that aims to maximize the acceptance rate of anticipated future trip requests while minimizing vehicle travel times for repositioning movements. To account for changes in current trip demand and vehicle supply, our algorithm adapts relevant parameters over time. We embed the repositioning algorithm into a planning service for vehicle dispatching. We evaluate our forecast-driven repositioning approach through extensive simulation studies on real-world datasets from Hamburg, New York City, Manhattan, and Chengdu. The algorithm is tested assuming a perfect demand forecast and applying a naïve forecasting model. These serve as an upper and lower bound on state-of-the-art forecasting methods. As a benchmark algorithm, we utilize a reactive repositioning scheme. Compared to this, our forecast-driven approach reduces trip request rejection rates by an average of 3.5 percentage points and improves customer waiting and ride times

A review of commonly performed bariatric surgeries: Imaging features and its complications

Obesity is a disease that has achieved the level that can be considered an epidemic. According to the National Center for Health Statistics data, the prevalence of obesity has increased from 30.5% in 1999-2000 to 42.4% in 2017-2018. During the same period, severe obesity has increased from 4.7% to 9.2%. With the growing prevalence of obesity, related conditions such as coronary artery disease, diabetes, and strokes have also become more prevalent. In the past few years, the need for bariatric surgeries such as laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass, sleeve gastrectomy, and laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding has increased considerably. With an increasing number of bariatric surgeries, multiple postoperative complications have become common. In this review, we have attempted to describe normal postsurgical anatomical findings after bariatric surgeries and pictorial review of a few common postoperative complications

Better Multi-dimesional Bin Packing in Special Cases

Abstract. We give a modified version of the vector packing algorithm of Chekuri and Khanna [1]. The performance ratio of this algorithm is the same as that of [1] in the worst case but beats their bound in special cases. We also characterize classes of problem instances for which our algorithm beats the previous best bound and the inapproximability bound respectively.